Tuesday, August 11, 2009

News Clipping Archives

 

 

Maryland / Regional

O’Malley plans $470M more in cuts (Daily Record)

More volunteer help at hospitals (Daily Record)

Volunteers get first swine flu test shots (Baltimore Sun)

Mayor breaks ground for homeless shelter (Baltimore Sun)

Fraud, Budget Cuts Impact Health Care for Nation’s Poor (Baltimore Afro-American)

 

National / International

Swine flu vaccine tests begin as clock ticks (Daily Record)

 

Opinion

Residents want to give input (Carroll County Times Editorial)

Black Folk Must Advocate for Health Care Reform (Baltimore Afro-American  Commentary)

 

 

Maryland / Regional

O’Malley plans $470M more in cuts

 

By Andy Rosen

Daily Record

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

 

Gov. Martin O’Malley is planning to bring $470 million in cuts to the Board of Public Works in two weeks, his budget secretary told lawmakers Tuesday, while an aide said an employee furlough proposal that has been discussed is similar to one imposed last year.

 

T. Eloise Foster, secretary of the Department of Budget and Management, told a joint meeting of the House Appropriations Committee and the Senate Budget and Taxation Committee, that O’Malley is focusing on ways to cut aid to local government. He is also looking to reduce state employees’ compensation, and looking to state agencies for further reductions.

 

Sen. David R. Brinkley, R-Carroll and Frederick, asked whether employees would see furloughs like the ones that the state imposed at the end of last year, and how much time they might expect to be required to take off.

 

Under the last fiscal year's plan, state employees took at least two furlough days. Employees who made more than $40,000 a year took an additional two to three furlough days, depending on their salaries. The furlough plan affected about 67,000 of the state's 80,000 employees in the last fiscal year, which ended June 30.

 

Matthew D. Gallagher, O’Malley’s deputy chief of staff, said that information is the subject of discussions with state worker unions, and would not give a range of unpaid days off when Brinkley asked for one.

 

“I would characterize those discussions as ongoing,” Gallagher said. “They’re not the easiest conversations in the world. There’s a candid exchange of ideas. I would not be able to specify a target at this point.”

 

He said discussions of furloughs have taken into consideration factors such as maintaining staffing levels at 24-hour facilities, reducing the effect on low-income workers and making the furloughs progressive for higher-paid workers.

 

Sue Esty, assistant Maryland director for the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees, said after the meeting that she could not provide any details about the negotiations, but said the union had been in discussions with the O’Malley administration.

 

O’Malley’s cabinet was the major target of a $280 million round of budget cuts passed in July, but Foster said the administration has asked management to find more money. She also said the administration does not plan major cuts to K-12 education.

 

But few additional details were available with regard to how O’Malley would cut local government spending or state employee compensation. Foster did acknowledge that the administration is hoping to avoid widespread layoffs, and that any job cuts would likely come along with program reductions.

 

Esty said she thought legislators appeared to be sympathetic to concerns about the level of state staffing.

 

“It was at least heartening to see that legislators also realize that there’s not really a lot of room to cut when it comes to the state budget anymore,” Esty said.

 

Administration officials did not go into detail about what is under consideration in terms of local aid, either. The state has planned to spend $5.8 billion to help local governments there, out of a budget of $13.7 billion.

 

The state’s budget picture is not getting any prettier, legislative analysts told the joint meeting. Budget cuts may set the state for the fiscal year, which ends next July, said Warren Deschenaux, director of the Office of Policy Analysis in the Department of Legislative Services. That will depend on how the economy effects expected state revenues, he said.

 

A clearer picture of the state's budget problems will be known on Sept. 17, when the state's Board of Revenue Estimates releases revised state revenue estimates.

 

The Associated Press contributed to this article.

 

Copyright 2009 Daily Record.

 

More volunteer help at hospitals

 

By Danielle Ulman

Daily Record

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

 

Volunteer numbers are up at area hospitals, thanks to Maryland’s 7.3 percent jobless rate.

 

At the Greater Baltimore Medical Center, volunteers logged 95,749 hours of work during the Towson-based hospital’s fiscal 2009, which ended June 30. That translates into a dollar value of $1.94 million for volunteer work, compared to $1.79 million in fiscal 2008.

 

The economy has put more volunteers into hospitals, said Mary Pat Marzullo, GBMC’s director of volunteers. GBMC placed 90 volunteers this summer, doubling the usual 40 to 50 new volunteers who come onboard over the summer months.

 

“We are seeing more and more volunteers coming to us who have lost their jobs and they’re looking for a way to be productive until they can find another job,” she said. “In some instances, they are probably hoping to find a job with us.”

 

That occasionally happens, and while Marzullo said finding them full-time work is not part of her job, “if it works out that way we’re happy for them.”

 

Extra volunteer hours can also free up time for hospital staff.

 

“What they do with the patients and the comfort they lend to them, you can’t put a dollar value on that,” Marzullo said.

 

The overall dollar value of volunteers’ time in 2008 was estimated to be $20.25 an hour, according to the U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics, an increase from $19.51 an hour in 2007.

 

In 2007, the latest year for which data was available on the state level, the dollar value of an hour worked by volunteers in Maryland was $21.20, according to Independent Sector, a coalition of charities, foundations and corporations.

 

That figure puts Maryland behind seven other states and the District of Columbia, where the dollar value of hourly volunteer work was $31.55, by far the highest in the nation. New York came in second-highest at $28.04 and Montana came in last at $14.13.

 

The Johns Hopkins Hospital has seen an increase in new volunteers over the past few years. In the hospital’s fiscal fourth quarter of 2009, which ended June 30, Johns Hopkins had 240 new volunteers, compared to 168 new volunteers in the period the year before.

 

Johns Hopkins had 129 new volunteers in the fourth quarter of its 2007 fiscal year.

 

“Quite a few of the applicants we interview are people who have been laid off or [are] unemployed,” Keisha Baker Wilder, manager of the Department of Volunteer Services at Johns Hopkins, said in an e-mail.

 

“The opportunity to volunteer allows them to try something new or brush up on skills and occupy themselves until they find employment,” she said.

 

Baker Wilder estimated that the hospital had 500 volunteers in the fourth quarter, and 700 this summer.

 

According to a recent report from the Corporation for National & Community Service, a federal agency that organizes AmeriCorps, the number of volunteers nationwide increased by 2 percent last year, from 60.8 million people in 2007 to 61.8 million in 2008. Volunteers donated an estimated 8 billion hours of their time in 2008.

 

At the Anne Arundel Medical Center, volunteer hours are on the rise. Volunteers logged 8,731 hours in May, 8,984 hours in June and 9,776 hours in July, said Justin Paquette, a spokesman for the medical center.

 

The hospital has 578 active volunteers and is looking to add more, he said. Anne Arundel Medical Center will hold a recruiting session for volunteers in October to keep up with its rapid expansion.

 

Copyright 2009 Daily Record.

 

Volunteers get first swine flu test shots

At UM, 47 adults roll up their sleeves for science

 

By Kelly Brewington

Baltimore Sun

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

 

Kevin Stranen left his home in Philadelphia at 5 a.m. Monday eager to make it to Baltimore to roll up his sleeve for the University of Maryland's swine flu vaccine trial.

 

The biochemist and seasoned vaccine volunteer jumped at the chance to participate in the first human tests of the H1N1 vaccine. Just last month, the 28-year-old had his blood drawn at the university medical center as a participant in its bird flu vaccine trial. While his drinking buddies think he's "a bit wacky" for offering up himself as a test subject, he insists that the benefits outweigh the risks and that everyone ought to be concerned about the resurgence of swine flu this fall.

 

Stranen was among 47 adult volunteers who began arriving at the medical center at 7 a.m. for the first wave of trials, part of the government's ambitious effort to prepare for what's expected to be a severe flu season and the first step in what could be a campaign to inoculate millions of the most vulnerable Americans in October.

 

"Without testing the efficacy and safety, we can't say for sure what this will do," he said. "As a biochemist, I know the importance of this, so I'd feel a little hypocritical not being apart of it."

 

The University of Maryland's Center for Vaccine Development is one of nine academic sites nationwide testing a vaccine to fight the pandemic. Since the outbreak this spring, the virus has claimed some 436 lives nationwide - including five in Maryland - and sickened as many as 1 million, according to estimates by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

 

Infectious disease experts fear the virus could mutate into a deadlier strain this fall, and researchers are in a mad dash to have a vaccine ready by the time the season hits.

 

Nationwide, researchers will enroll 2,400 volunteers in trials that will test two vaccines in five population groups and at two different strengths. Investigators will also study the best time to give the vaccine: before, during or after the typical vaccination schedule for the seasonal flu.

 

With a throng of television news crews capturing their every step, a steady stream of volunteers filed into the medical center's 10th floor Monday for the two-hour testing process, which began with an orientation session and ended with the prick of a needle.

 

Like Stranen, many volunteers had a background in medicine or science. They were no strangers to clinical trials and some even knew the UM staffers by first name. Those new to the experience said they were a little nervous, but mostly, they were excited to take part in an effort they hoped would be for the greater good.

 

"It has infected a lot of people; it's killed people," Chris Lewis, 36, of Baltimore, said of the swine flu virus. "I just want to be able to help [researchers] to better understand the vaccine and find a cure for it."

 

His girlfriend, Tyra Smith, 26, of Baltimore, reluctantly agreed to accompany him. "I'm scared to death of needles," she announced, moments after having her blood drawn. "But my father told me I should do it, that I'm young and able and I need to do what I can to help."

 

She added that the $600 compensation for participating in the study was a nice incentive, though "it won't pay the rent." Smith said she has been struggling to find a job for several months.

 

During orientation, investigators walked participants through the purpose of the trial, the risks and filling out consent forms. Next, medical staff conducted a health assessment to make sure volunteers were healthy enough to participate. Finally, volunteers had their blood drawn and were vaccinated. Participants remained at the center for about 20 minutes after the inoculation to be monitored for possible allergic reactions; none occurred Monday, officials said.

 

UM's portion of the nine-center vaccine trial will test two doses of a vaccine from manufacturer Sanofi Pasteur. Volunteers will receive the doses three weeks apart and at two strengths - either 15 micrograms or 30 micrograms. Along with 67 adults ages 18-64 who are slated to complete the first round of inoculations this week, 67 elderly volunteers ages 65 and older will receive their initial shots Wednesday through next Tuesday.

 

Researchers will follow up with volunteers eight days after the first shot for blood tests, which will show if people have developed antibodies that indicate they have an immune response to the virus. Then, volunteers will return two weeks later for another injection.

 

If all goes well with both groups, the vaccine will be tested in 260 children as soon as the end of next week, said Dr. Karen L. Kotloff, professor of pediatrics and medicine at the Center for Vaccine Development, and the principal investigator for the trial here. By then, researchers should have a good understanding of any reactions the vaccine could cause, she said.

 

"We have taken this under very careful consideration," she said, adding this vaccine is very similar to the seasonal flu shot, which is not tested on people before it is rolled out every fall. "I don't think there's any scientific basis for being concerned that this vaccine would behave any differently from any other flu vaccine from a safety stand point."

 

The vaccine will be tried in children as young as 6 months old. Children are among the five priority groups the CDC has indentified should get the virus should there be a mass vaccination effort, since children have been more susceptible to this new flu strain. Medical experts think that older people may have been exposed to similar strains of the virus and may have some immune protection against it.

 

Kotloff said she has been impressed by the overwhelming response from volunteers. While researchers are still seeking people 65 and older to take part, they have so many young adult volunteers they had to use a lottery system to pick the final participants. Children, too, enrolled in large numbers - especially those with doctors for parents.

 

"To me, that is very comforting," Kotloff said. "These are people who have a very good understanding of influenza and influenza vaccine, they have weighed, in a very personal way, what the risk and benefits are and have decided to volunteer their children. That says a lot."

 

Erika Riffle, a certified medical assistant from Frederick, volunteered herself and her 3-year-old son, Tyler, without hesitation.

 

"I trust the doctors, I trust the medicines and I trust the reputation of the university," Riffle said shortly after receiving the vaccine and a seven-day diary in which she will keep a log of any adverse reactions. "I have all the faith in the world that this is going to be safe."

 

Her son, meanwhile, has one thing on his mind when he gets the vaccine in a few weeks: "He told me I'm taking him for lollipops afterward."

 

Copyright © 2009, The Baltimore Sun.

 

Mayor breaks ground for homeless shelter

Fallsway building meant to be 1-stop center

 

By Julie Bykowicz

Baltimore Sun

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

 

Mayor Sheila Dixon ceremonially broke ground on Baltimore's first permanent 24-hour shelter yesterday, the centerpiece of her 10-year plan to end homelessness in a city where more than 3,400 have no place to live.

 

Dixon called the building, a former city Department of Transportation brick warehouse at 620 Fallsway in downtown Baltimore, a "gateway to independence" that is not meant to "warehouse" homeless people but will serve as a one-stop resource center where they can receive counseling and other help.

 

The $9 million project, named the Harry and Jeanette Weinberg Housing and Resource Center, is slated to open about a year from now. It will have 275 beds for men and women, including 25 spaces for people who have just been released from hospitals but who have nowhere to go.

 

At the ground-breaking, First Deputy Mayor Andy Frank said the mayor spent considerable "political capital" to address the needs of the homeless, "a nameless and faceless constituency."

 

City officials said Mount Vernon was a natural choice for a shelter because of its proximity to downtown, where many of the street-dwellers can be found. The historic neighborhood is also home to other new amenities for the homeless, such as a soup kitchen and a health care building opening as soon as January.

 

After months of negotiations with the city, which yielded thousands of dollars in streetlight repairs, road paving and park improvements, the board of directors for the Mount Vernon-Belvedere Association unanimously signed off on the shelter.

 

R. Paul Warren, the association's vice president through the negotiations, said at yesterday's ground-breaking that the shelter was "a challenging idea for the community" but that residents realized "it was the right thing to do."

 

Copyright © 2009, The Baltimore Sun.

 

Fraud, Budget Cuts Impact Health Care for Nation’s Poor

 

By Dorothy Rowley

Baltimore Afro-American

Thursday, August 9, 2009

 

Medicaid fraud has become highly targeted by federal and state law enforcement. (Courtesy Photo)

 

(August 9, 2009) - Although budgeting centered around health care costs has been at issue, cases of Medicaid and Medicare fraud have also become a large cause for concern for both state and federal officials.

 

Each year, Medicaid fraud and abuse costs $60 billion nationwide, and Medicare fraud can escalate even higher, according to a 2008 hearing of the House subcommittee on Health.

 

Just last week in the District of Columbia, where approximately $2 billion is spent each year on healthcare for the poor, two clinics suspected of Medicaid fraud were put out of business after being busted by the FBI.

 

In one of the incidents, patients arriving at a clinic in a southeast section of the city, were turned away.

 

A female patient said [in a local TV interview] that she was greeted by the FBI who told her to "freeze, drop everything" and to put her hands up.

 

Agents armed with search warrants had closed the offices of the Standard Medical Supply Company and the Pain and Rehab Center on Martin Luther King Avenue. Both clinics had reportedly advertised, seeking clients who qualified for Medicaid.

 

"It’s like a shock really," said another unidentified patient, "because everything about the [Rehab] clinic felt and looked legit."

 

Federal authorities also last week arrested more than 30 suspects – including doctors – and were seeking others in a major Medicare fraud bust in New York, Louisiana, Boston and Houston, according to The Associated Press. In doing so, they were targeting scams such as "arthritis kits" which in some instances comprised expensive braces that many patients never used.

 

The state Senate in Florida reported in June it is considering legislation aimed at combating Medicaid fraud in the Miami-Dade County area where state auditors said a large amount of Medicaid dollars were possibly being fraudulently claimed. "In fiscal year 2007-08 Florida spent $196.1 million on home health agency claims; $85.8 million, or 43.8 percent, of this was in Miami-Dade," said Peter Williams, inspector general of the Florida Agency for Health Care Administration. "But the Medicaid recipient population of Miami-Dade is only 20 percent of the entire state Medicaid population."

 

In New York where the Medicaid program has served as a vital resource for 4.2 million poor people, an investigation a few years ago by The New York Times found the program had been misspending billions of dollars annually. Fraud, waste and profiteering were attributed to the losses.

 

In addition, a computer analysis of several million records obtained under the state Freedom of Information Law revealed numerous indications of fraud and abuse the state never looked into, according to the Times.

 

Congress recently introduced efforts to combat fraud and abuse in the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Two new bills were introduced May 5 that aim to reduce the prevalence of identity theft in Medicare and increase transparency of Medicaid payment data.

 

One of the bills would require the Health and Human Services secretary to stop the department from using Social Security numbers as the beneficiary identifier on Medicare cards. The other would improve the department's fraud detection methods and place billing statements under increased scrutiny.

 

The Medicaid component would also require HHS to publicly disclose payment data it collects as well as have the agency develop a public Web site containing Medicaid claims payment data that has been de-identified, according to a posting on the American Medical News Web site. To ensure compliance, the bill imposes a penalty of $25,000 per day for any period in which the HHS secretary has found that a state has not fully complied with the data collection requirements.

 

Currently, $87 billion in federal stimulus money is being poured into states to help maintain Medicaid health care for the needy and accommodate an expected surge in enrollment. But Connecticut and other cash-strapped states say they still must cut spending on health care to cover massive budget deficits.

 

In the mean time, at least 21 states have restricted low-income children and families’ eligibility for health insurance or their access to services. Other jurisdictions, including the District of Columbia, are cutting services for low-income elderly or disabled patients.

 

Cuts in Maryland’s Medicaid program, for instance, include rates paid to nursing homes, spending on hospital stays and an inflation adjustment for community health care providers. In essence, "While some things have been avoided or delayed to meet these significant budget shortfalls, states are considering some pretty major cutbacks to the program,’’ said Robin Rudowitz, a principal policy analyst at the Kaiser Family Foundation in Washington.

 

Copyright 2009 Baltimore Afro-American.

 

National / International

Swine flu vaccine tests begin as clock ticks

 

Associated Press

Daily Record

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

 

Hundreds of Americans in eight cities are lining up for experimental swine flu shots in a race to get a vaccine out in case the new flu virus regains strength this fall and winter.

 

Sharon Frey, who is leading the government-funded testing at Saint Louis University, said scientists have been working late nights and weekends to organize the studies and recruit volunteers.

 

"Typically it takes a year to do this," said Frey, an infectious diseases expert. "I can tell you we're working at breakneck speed."

 

About 2,800 people will participate in the government-led studies. Saint Louis University will test 200 adults and 200 children. Also under way are separate studies by five flu vaccine manufacturers under contract with the government.

 

Health officials expect to have about 160 million doses available this fall, with the first batch sometime in September. The studies will test the safety and effectiveness of vaccines developed by drug makers and help determine dosage and whether it can be given with a seasonal flu shot.

 

Participants will be given different combinations of two swine flu vaccines made by drug makers Sanofi Pasteur and CSL Limited and a seasonal flu vaccine.

 

Frey said the data will be turned around quickly for review by the Food and Drug Administration.

 

It's possible the government will begin a public vaccination campaign before all of the work of the trials is complete, Dr. Anne Schuchat has said. She oversees the flu vaccination programs at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

 

Health officials are haunted by the swine flu vaccine campaign in 1976, which was stopped after unexpectedly high numbers of patients suffered a paralyzing condition called Guillain-Barre Syndrome. While it's not clear the vaccine was to blame, the government wants to carefully monitor people who get the new vaccine for any problems.

 

Nicholas Sarakas, 25, of St. Peters, Mo., is among the vaccine volunteers. As a young adult, he's among the groups targeted for the swine flu vaccine; swine flu has been harder on younger people than their elders.

 

"I thought, 'I'll end up getting a flu shot anyway,'" he said. "Somebody has to be the first person to try it."

 

The other study sites are Baylor College of Medicine in Texas, Children's Hospital Medical Center in Cincinnati, Emory University, Group Health Cooperative in Seattle, University of Iowa, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Vanderbilt University.

 

Copyright 2009 Daily Record.

 

Opinion

Residents want to give input

 

Carroll County Times Editorial

Tuesday, August 11, 2009

 

Gov. Martin O’Malley and state officials say they are pleased with the number of people who posted ideas to a Web site on how to handle the state’s budget problems, but if that is the case then the state should continue to solicit ideas.

 

Last week O’Malley said thousands of people had posted ideas. Midnight Monday was the deadline to submit.

 

It is good that the state used technology to get more input from residents, and hopefully some of the ideas that people posted will pan out into money-saving initiatives. But regardless of the number of ideas that move forward, it seems odd that the state would end the experiment now given its popularity.

 

State budget problems may have been the spark that ignited the idea of a Web site asking for public input, but the fact is that many people — from state workers to average citizens — probably have a lot of good ideas for saving money, and the state should do all it can to continue to solicit those ideas.

 

Perhaps the state could take the experiment to the next level by creating subcategories — transportation, social services, etc. — which people could offer input on. Most state departments already have fairly comprehensive Web sites, but if state departments posted spreadsheets of expenses and revenues, along with other useful information, perhaps more residents would delve deeper into the financial aspects of running the state.

 

The benefits would be a more informed public, and quite possibly the discovery of additional money-saving initiatives.

 

Hopefully the experiment will show state officials that more public involvement, more transparency in government and more discussion of where our money goes is a good thing, and they will continue to develop ways to encourage public input on important issues facing the state.

 

Copyright 2009 Carroll County Times.

 

Black Folk Must Advocate for Health Care Reform

 

By Julianne Malveaux

Baltimore Afro-American Commentary

Thursday, August 6, 2009

 

(August 6, 2009) - Congress seems to be putting the final touches on health care reform legislation, arranging to provide health care, especially, for the uninsured.

 

Anyone who has made the summer rounds of civil rights conventions understand that African-American policy makers care about this issue. Still there seems to be no passionate advocacy for health care reform.

 

Our presence in this debate is much needed - we have a dog in this fight. African Americans are more likely than others to be uninsured, so the many ways our new legislation will make insurance available is important. And even when we are insured, the way that health problems hit us are most different. According to the Centers for Disease Control, African Americans and Hispanics “bear a disproportionate burden of disease, injury, and disability.” African Americans, in particular, are more likely to be killed or to die of HIV than others are.

 

There is more: We are more likely to be obese, to have high blood pressure, diabetes, or to experience strokes. The obesity hits us early - our children are carrying more weight than they need to, and our community has done little to promote healthy eating. We experience cancer earlier than others, especially-for Black women-breast cancer and we are often diagnosed too late for diagnosis to save us.

 

We should be clear that many health disparities are the outcome of racial bias and racism in our lives and experiences. And many health disparities are the result of our own unwillingness to deal with the health challenges that face our community. For example, the fact that African-American women are about 11 times more likely to be diagnosed with HIV than White women is partly a function of sex education in our community.

 

We really can’t blame racism for the fact that in an age of easily available information, too many sisters continue to put themselves at risk. Ditto obesity. While we can talk about the availability of healthy food choices in inner cities, the fact is that there is also much information available about how to eat and live more healthily. Race may play a role in the ways our health disparities play out, but our own engagement in our health outcomes also plays a role.

 

As health care reform legislation snakes its way through the Congress and Senate, it is disheartening to see the few who are involved in the legislation and the many that are silent.

 

You can’t live without a healthy life, can’t agitate for justice without the stamina for agitation. Yet there are so many African-American people who are proud, passionate and sidelined by their health challenges. Where is the intense advocacy in our community, an advocacy that will propel us to be key activists in the health reform legislation?

African-American people need the means and ends to healthy lives. We need to push hard for the health care reform that the Obama administration is promoting.

 

Possibly, our legislators will kick the can toward health care reform, producing legislation in the next several days. The goal was that they would have come to a conclusion by Aug. 7, but there is a clear possibility that discussion of this legislation will continue after the recess. What needs to happen, now and later, is that we need to hear Black voices raised in support of health care reform. We need to hear Black voices put all of this in context. We need to make sure that we all understand how critical it is for people to have access to health insurance and to health care.

 

In so many ways, access to health care is the foundation of our energy and survival. A community that has been economically marginalized gains much when health care is made available to the broadest range of people. Health disparities are a function of the many racial inequities that plague our society. If you scratch an African American, she can tell you what she thought of the Henry Louis Gates arrest or the beer summit. But, how many can recite the details of the health legislation and the many ways it can enhance the African-American community? Priorities, priorities.

 

Health care reform will improve the health status of the African-American community. Let’s treat it with the attention it deserves.

 

Julianne Malveaux is president of Bennett College for Women in Greensboro, N.C. She can be reached at presbennett@bennett.edu.

 

Copyright 2009 Baltimore Afro - American.

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