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    Maryland Department of Health
    Maternal and Child Health

    MCH HOTLINE
    1-800-456-8900

    Screening Tools

    Single question Screening Test
    • The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recommends a single question screen that was adapted from The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) single question screen for alcohol use.   An answer of 1 or more is positive for identifying illicit drug use1
     
    In the past year, how many times have you used prescription drugs for non-medical reasons?
    In the past year, how many times have you used illegal drugs?

     

    4 Ps (32)

    • The 4P’s is a screening tool that was developed for use in obstetric settings.  An answer of yes is a positive screen and warrants more detailed questions2,3
      Parents: Did any of your parents have a problem with alcohol or other drug use?
      Partner: Does your partner have a problem with alcohol or drug use?
      Past: In the past, have you had difficulties in your life because of alcohol or other drugs, including prescription medications?
      Present: In the past month have you drunk any alcohol or used any other drugs?
    • An answer of yes to any of these questions should prompt further questions.
     
    Resources
     
    1. Drug Screen. Retrieved January 15, 2014 from The National Institute on Drug Abuse Web site: http://www.drugabuse.gov/nmassist/?q=nida_questionnaire
    2. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2012). ACOG Committee Opinion 524: Opioid Abuse, Dependence, and Addiction in Pregnancy. Washington, DC: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
    3. Chasnoff IJ et al (2007). Validation of the 4p’s plus© screen for substance use in pregnancy. Journal of Perinataology 27. 774- 748
       

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    January, 2014